Checklist of the birds of the Strait of Gibraltar

Common name	Scientific name	Status
Greylag Goose	Anser anser	W-
Common Shelduck	Tadorna tadorna	W-
Eurasian Wigeon	Mareca penelope	W-
Gadwall	Mareca strepera	W-
Common Teal	Anas crecca	W-
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	Y+
Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	W-
Garganey	Spatula querquedula	M-
Northern Shoveler	Spatula clypeata	W-
Red-crested Pochard	Netta rufina	W-
Common Pochard	Aythya ferina	W-
Tufted Duck	Aythya fuligula	W-
Common Scoter	Melanitta nigra	W-
Red-breasted Merganser	Mergus serrator	W-
Red-legged Partridge	Alectoris rufa	Y+
Common Quail	Coturnix coturnix	M-
Common Pheasant	Phasianus colchicus	Y+
Sooty Shearwater	Puffinus griseus	M-
Yelkouan Shearwater	Puffinus yelkouan	M-
Balearic Shearwater	Puffinus mauretanicus	S-,W+
European Storm-Petrel	Hydrobates pelagicus	W-
Leach's Storm-Petrel	Oceanodroma leucorhoa	W-
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	Y+
Great Crested Grebe	Podiceps cristatus	Y-
Black-necked Grebe	Podiceps nigricollis	W-
Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus roseus	Y-
Black Stork	Ciconia nigra	M+,W-
White Stork	Ciconia ciconia	Y+
Northern Bald Ibis	Geronticus eremita	S+,W-
Glossy Ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Y+
Eurasian Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	Y+
Great Bittern	Botaurus stellaris	W-
Little Bittern	Ixobrychus minutus	S-
Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	Y-
Squacco Heron	Ardeola ralloides	Y-
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Y+
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	Y+
Great Egret	Egretta alba	W+
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	Y+
Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea	S-
Northern Gannet	Morus bassanus	S-,W+
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	S-,W+
European Shag	Phalacrocorax aristotelis	Y-
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	W-
Black-shouldered Kite	Elanus caeruleus	S-,W+
Egyptian Vulture	Neophron percnopterus	M+,S-
European Honey Buzzard	Pernis apivorus	M+
Eurasian Griffon Vulture	Gyps fulvus	Y+
Rüppell's Griffon Vulture	Gyps rueppellii	Y-
Eurasian Black Vulture	Aegypius monachus	W-
Lesser Spotted Eagle	Clanga pomarina	W-
Greater Spotted Eagle	Clanga clanga	W-
Booted Eagle	Hieraaetus pennata	S+,W-
Bonelli's Eagle	Aquila fasciata	Y-
Spanish Eagle	Aquila adalberti	S-,W+
Golden Eagle	Aquila chrysaetos	W-
Northern Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis	Y-
Eurasian Sparrowhawk	Accipiter nisus	Y+
Western Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus	S-,W+
Hen Harrier	Circus cyaneus	W+
Pallid Harrier	Circus macrourus	W-
Montagu's Harrier	Circus pygargus	M+,S-
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	S+
Red Kite	Milvus milvus	W+
Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	Y+
Long-legged Buzzard	Buteo rufinus	Y-
Little Bustard	Tetrax tetrax	Y-
Water Rail	Rallus aquaticus	W-
Purple Swamp-Hen	Porphyrio porphyrio	Y+
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	Y+
Common Crane	Grus grus	W+
Eurasian Stone-Curlew	Burhinus oedicnemus	S-,W+
Eurasian Oystercatcher	Haematopus ostralegus	M+,W-
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	Y+
Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta	W-
Sociable Lapwing	Vanellus gregarius	W+
European Golden Plover	Pluvialis apricaria	W+
Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	W+
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	M+,S-,W-
Common Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula	S-,W+
Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus	Y+
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	W-
Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata	W-
Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa	M+,W-
Bar-tailed Godwit	Limosa lapponica	M+,W-
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	S-,W+
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	W-
Sanderling	Calidris alba	S-,W+
Little Stint	Calidris minuta	W-
Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii	M-
Ruff	Calidris pugnax	W-
Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	M-
Purple Sandpiper	Calidris maritima	W-
Dunlin	Calidris alpina	S-,W+
Eurasian Woodcock	Scolopax rusticola	W-
Jack Snipe	Lymnocryptes minimus	W-
Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	W+
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	S-,W+
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	W+
Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus	M-
Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	M+,W-
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	M+
Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	W+
Collared Pratincole	Glareola pratincola	S+
Black-legged Kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla	W-
Black-headed Gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Y+
Slender-billed Gull	Chroicocephalus genei	M-
Little Gull	Hydrocoloeus minutus	W-
Audouin's Gull	Ichthyaetus audouinii	S-,W+
Mediterranean Gull	Ichthyaetus melanocephalus	W-
Mew Gull	Larus canus	W-
Lesser Black-backed Gull	Larus fuscus	S-,W+
Herring Gull	Larus argentatus	W-
Yellow-legged Gull	Larus michahellis	Y+
Greater Black-backed Gull	Larus marinus	W-
Gull-billed Tern	Gelochelidon nilotica	M-
Caspian Tern	Hydroprogne caspia	W-
Lesser Crested Tern	Thalasseus bengalensis	M-
Sandwich Tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis	S-,W+
Little Tern	Sternula albifrons	M+
Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	M+
Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybrida	M-
Black Tern	Chlidonias niger	M-
Pomarine Skua	Stercorarius pomarinus	M-
Arctic Skua	Stercorarius parasiticus	W-
Great Skua	Stercorarius skua	Y-
Razorbill	Alca torda	W-
Atlantic Puffin	Fratercula arctica	W-
Rock Dove	Columba livia	Y+
Stock Dove	Columba oenas	W-
Common Woodpigeon	Columba palumbus	Y+
Eurasian Collared Dove	Streptopelia decaocto	Y+
European Turtle Dove	Streptopelia turtur	S+
Great Spotted Cuckoo	Clamator glandarius	M-
Common Cuckoo	Cuculus canorus	S-
Barn Owl	Tyto alba	Y-
European Scops Owl	Otus scops	S-
Eurasian Eagle Owl	Bubo bubo	Y-
Tawny Owl	Strix aluco	Y+
Little Owl	Athene noctua	Y+
Long-eared Owl	Asio otus	Y-
Short-eared Owl	Asio flammeus	W-
European Nightjar	Caprimulgus europaeus	M-
Red-necked Nightjar	Caprimulgus ruficollis	S+
Alpine Swift	Tachymarptis melba	M+
Common Swift	Apus apus	S+
Pallid Swift	Apus pallidus	S+
White-rumped Swift	Apus caffer	S-
Little Swift	Apus affinis	S+,W-
European Roller	Coracias garrulus	M-
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	S-,W+
European Bee-eater	Merops apiaster	S+
Eurasian Hoopoe	Upupa epops	Y+
Eurasian Wryneck	Jynx torquilla	Y-
Great Spotted Woodpecker	Dendrocopos major	Y+
Iberian Green Woodpecker	Picus sharpei	Y+
Lesser Kestrel	Falco naumanni	S+,W-
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	Y+
Merlin	Falco columbarius	W-
Eurasian Hobby	Falco subbuteo	M-
Eleonora's Falcon	Falco eleonorae	M-
Lanner	Falco biarmicus	M-
Peregrine	Falco peregrinus	Y+
Southern Grey Shrike	Lanius meridionalis	W-
Woodchat Shrike	Lanius senator	S+
Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus	S-
Eurasian Jay	Garrulus glandarius	Y-
Common Magpie	Pica pica	Y-
Western Jackdaw	Coloeus monedula	Y+
Common Raven	Corvus corax	Y+
Crested Tit	Lophophanes cristatus	Y-
Blue Tit	Cyanistes caeruleus	Y+
Great Tit	Parus major	Y+
Eurasian Penduline Tit	Remiz pendulinus	W+
Wood Lark	Lullula arborea	S-,W+
Eurasian Skylark	Alauda arvensis	W+
Crested Lark	Galerida cristata	Y+
Thekla Lark	Galerida theklae	Y+
Greater Short-toed Lark	Calandrella brachydactyla	S+
Calandra Lark	Melanocorypha calandra	Y+
Common Bulbul	Pycnonotus barbatus	Y-
Sand Martin	Riparia riparia	M+
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	S+,W-
Eurasian Crag Martin	Ptyonoprogne rupestris	S-,W+
Common House Martin	Delichon urbicum	S+,W-
Red-rumped Swallow	Cecropis daurica	S+
Cetti's Warbler	Cettia cetti	Y+
Long-tailed Tit	Aegithalos caudatus	Y-
Bonelli's Warbler	Phylloscopus bonelli	S+
Common Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus collybita	W+
Iberian Chiffchaff	Phylloscopus ibericus	S-
Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus	M+
Sedge Warbler	Acrocephalus schoenobaenus	M-
European Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus scirpaceus	M-
African Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus baeticatus	S+
Great Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus arundinaceus	S+
Western Olivaceous Warbler	Iduna opaca	S-
Melodious Warbler	Hippolais polyglotta	S+
Common Grasshopper Warbler	Locustella naevia	M-
Savi's Warbler	Locustella luscinioides	M-
Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis	Y+
Dartford Warbler	Sylvia undata	Y-
Spectacled Warbler	Sylvia conspicillata	S-
Subalpine Warbler	Sylvia cantillans	M+
Sardinian Warbler	Sylvia melanocephala	Y+
Western Orphean Warbler	Sylvia hortensis	S-
Common Whitethroat	Sylvia communis	M+,S-
Garden Warbler	Sylvia borin	M+
Blackcap	Sylvia atricapilla	Y+
Firecrest	Regulus ignicapilla	Y-
Eurasian Wren	Troglodytes troglodytes	Y+
Eurasian Nuthatch	Sitta europaea	Y-
Short-toed Treecreeper	Certhia brachydactyla	Y+
Spotless Starling	Sturnus unicolor	Y+
Common Starling	Sturnus vulgaris	W+
Ring Ouzel	Turdus torquatus	M-
Common Blackbird	Turdus merula	Y+
Song Thrush	Turdus philomelos	W+
Redwing	Turdus iliacus	W-
Mistle Thrush	Turdus viscivorus	Y-
Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin	Cercotrichas galactotes	S-
Spotted Flycatcher	Muscicapa striata	S+
European Robin	Erithacus rubecula	S-,W+
Common Nightingale	Luscinia megarhynchos	S+
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica	W+
Pied Flycatcher	Ficedula hypoleuca	M+
Black Redstart	Phoenicurus ochruros	W+
Common Redstart	Phoenicurus phoenicurus	M+
Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush	Monticola saxatilis	M-
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	Y-
Whinchat	Saxicola rubetra	M+
Common Stonechat	Saxicola rubicola	Y+
Northern Wheatear	Oenanthe oenanthe	M+
Black-eared Wheatear	Oenanthe hispanica	S-
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Y+
Spanish Sparrow	Passer hispaniolensis	Y+
Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	Y-
Common Waxbill	Estrilda astrild	Y-
Dunnock	Prunella modularis	W-
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	S+
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	S-,W+
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	S-,W+
Tawny Pipit	Anthus campestris	S+
Tree Pipit	Anthus trivialis	M-
Meadow Pipit	Anthus pratensis	W+
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	W-
Water Pipit	Anthus spinoletta	W-
Common Chaffinch	Fringilla coelebs	Y+
Brambling	Fringilla montifringilla	W-
Hawfinch	Coccothraustes coccothraustes	Y-
European Greenfinch	Chloris chloris	Y+
Common Linnet	Linaria cannabina	Y+
European Goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis	Y+
European Serin	Serinus serinus	Y+
European Siskin	Spinus spinus	W-
Cirl Bunting	Emberiza cirlus	Y+
Rock Bunting	Emberiza cia	Y-
Ortolan Bunting	Emberiza hortulana	M-
Common Reed Bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus	W+
Corn Bunting	Emberiza calandra	Y+

Y: Species present all year round.

S: Species present during the breeding period.

W: Species present during the non-breeding period.

M: Species present during their migration.

+: easy to see in that period.

–: difficult to see in that period.

The taxonomic order follows the IOC World Bird List.

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